California 2008 bill text
Senate Bill 1625
California Container Recycling and Litter Reduction Act
The following text was found at http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/07-08/bill/sen/sb_1601-1650/sb_1625_bill_20080421_amended_sen_v97.html
BILL NUMBER: SB 1625 AMENDED BILL TEXT AMENDED IN SENATE APRIL 21, 2008 AMENDED IN SENATE MARCH 28, 2008 INTRODUCED BY Senator Corbett ( Coauthor: Senator Kuehl ) FEBRUARY 22, 2008 An act to amend Sections 14500, 14501, 14504, 14505, 14512.7, 14551, and 14575 of, to add Sections 14517.1 and 14518.6 to, and to repeal Section 14523.5 of, the Public Resources Code, relating to recycling , and making an appropriation therefor . LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST SB 1625, as amended, Corbett. Recycling: CRV containers. (1) Under existing law, the California Beverage Container Recycling and Litter Reduction Act, every beverage container sold or offered for sale in this state is required to have a minimum refund value. A distributor is required to pay a redemption payment for every beverage container sold or offered for sale in the state to the Department of Conservation and the department is required to deposit those amounts in the California Beverage Container Recycling Fund. The money in the fund is continuously appropriated to the department for the payment of refund values and processing fees. A violation of the act is a crime. "Beverage" is defined, for purposes of the act, to include, among other things, beer and other malt beverages, wine and distilled spirit coolers, carbonated mineral and soda waters, noncarbonated fruit drinks, and vegetable juices, in liquid form that are intended for human consumption, but excludes from that definition vegetable drinks in beverage containers of more than 16 ounces. The act also excludes, from the definition of "beverage," any product sold in a container that is not an aluminum beverage container, a glass container, a plastic beverage container, or a bimetal container. This bill would rename the act as the California Container Recycling and Litter Reduction Act. The bill would define the term "plastic bottle" as an individual rigid or semirigid container with a body consisting primarily of plastic and with a neck narrower than the body in which one gallon or less of any nonbeverage product is sold. The bill would define the term "CRV container" to mean a beverage container or a plastic bottle and would provide that the term "beverage container," when used in the act, means a CRV container. The bill would also revise the term "beverage" to include nut, grain, or soy drinks that contain any percentage of juice, and would delete the requirement that a vegetable drink subject to the act be sold in a container of 16 ounces or less. The bill would delete the exclusion from the term "beverage," for a product that is not sold in the above-specified types of containers. The bill would also make conforming changes to other definitions, for purposes of the act. Since the payments for the plastic beverage containers and other CRV containers that this bill would make subject to the act would be deposited in a continuously appropriated fund, the bill would make an appropriation. The bill would also impose a state-mandated local program by creating new crimes relating to CRV containers. (2) The Department of Conservation is required to establish reporting periods of 6 months each for redemption rates and recycling rates for specified types of beverage containers. The act also requires the department to determine the redemption rates and recycling rates for those beverage containers for each reporting period and to issue a report on those determinations. The act defines various words for purposes of those provisions, including "redemption rate." The act also makes various findings and declarations, including a declaration that, when the redemption rate for any one type of beverage container falls below 65%, the act provides for an increased refund value. This bill would delete the provisions that require the department to establish reporting periods for redemption rates and that require the department to determine redemption rates for specified types of beverage containers. The bill also would delete the definition of redemption rate. (3) The existing act requires the department to calculate a processing fee and a processing payment for each beverage container with a specified scrap value. The processing fee is required to be paid by beverage manufacturers for each beverage container sold or transferred to a dealer. Existing law requires the department to pay processing payments for redeemed containers to processors, for each type of beverage container, in a specified manner. The department is required to reduce the processing fee for calendar year 2007 to zero for a container that has a recycling rate equal to, or greater than, 40%. This bill would instead require the department to suspend the requirement to pay the processing fee for any container type with a certain recycling rate for calendar years 2009 and 2010 if the balance of the fund is more than $150,000,000. (4) The bill would prohibit the department from expending any funds collected pursuant to the California Beverage Container Recycling and Litter Reduction Act that were collected or payable on or before January 1, 2009, for a beverage container, for making any refund value, processing payment, handling fee, or other expenditures related to a CRV container that was not subject to the act on January 1, 2007. (5) The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement. This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason. Vote: majority. Appropriation: yes. Fiscal committee: yes. State-mandated local program: yes. THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS: SECTION 1. The Legislature finds and declares all of the following: (a) California has demonstrated a more than 20-year commitment to reducing and recycling materials that would otherwise become waste. (b) California's commitment to waste reduction and recycling has demonstrated itself in the development and implementation of a comprehensive waste reduction and recycling policy that has succeeded in a 50 percent diversion of solid waste from landfills. (c) California's commitment has further demonstrated itself in the development and implementation of the nation's most expansive and cost effective beverage container recycling system that has succeeded in recycling 60 percent of beverage containers generated. (d) Despite the commitment and efforts of the public, local agencies, and the state,to reduce waste and increase recycling, the lack of incentives and opportunities for the recycling of most plastic bottles has resulted in a recycling failure. (e) Studies by the California Integrated Waste Management Board (CIWMB) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency reveal that each year California generates more than 13 billion plastic bottles and disposes of more than 315,000 tons of plastic bottle waste. (f) A recent study by the CIWMB further revealed that while 96 percent of the plastic bottles not currently covered by the state's container recycling law are made from readily recyclable and marketable polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic, less than 12 percent of these plastic bottles are currently recycled. (g) Relying exclusively on California's curbside recycling infrastructure to collect the more than six billion non-California Refund Value (CRV) plastic bottles littered and landfilled in California annually has proven unsuccessful and even moderate success, 50 percent recycling, if it were possible, would cost local agencies and ratepayers in excess of thirty-five million dollars ($35,000,000) annually in higher collection and processing costs. (h) Compounding the problem of plastic litter and waste, the California Ocean Protection Council (OPC) has determined that marine debris poses a serious threat to California's marine environment and ocean-based economies, and that 60 to 80 percent, inclusive, of all marine debris and 90 percent of all floating debris is plastic. (i) To help reduce the problem of plastic marine debris, the OPC in February unanimously adopted a resolution stating in part: "The state should look closely at extending the CRV or similar Extended Producer Responsibility programs to include other plastics commonly found in marine debris." (j) California's 20 years of experience demonstrates that extending the financial incentives and convenient return opportunities of the state's successful container recycling and litter reduction law to all plastic bottles regardless of content represents the single most expeditious and cost-effective means of reducing and recycling the more than six billion non-CRV plastic bottles that are littered and landfilled in California annually. SEC. 2. Section 14500 of the Public Resources Code is amended to read: 14500. This division shall be known and may be cited as the California Container Recycling and Litter Reduction Act. SEC. 3. Section 14501 of the Public Resources Code is amended to read: 14501. The Legislature finds and declares as follows: (a) Experience in this state and others demonstrates that financial incentives and convenient return systems ensure the efficient and large-scale recycling ofbeveragecontainers. Accordingly, it is the intent of the Legislature to encourage increased, and more convenient,beveragecontainer redemption opportunities for all consumers. These redemption opportunities shall consist of dealer and other shopping center locations, independent and industry operated recycling centers, curbside programs, nonprofit dropoff programs, and other recycling systems that assure all consumers, in every region of the state, the opportunity to returnbeveragecontainers conveniently, efficiently, and economically. (b) California grocery, beer, soft drink, container manufacturing, labor, agricultural, consumer, environmental, government, citizen, recreational, taxpayer, and recycling groups have joined together in calling for an innovative program to generate large-scale redemption and recycling ofbeveragecontainers. (c) This division establishes a beverage container recycling goal of 80 percent. (d) It is the intent of the Legislature to ensure that every container type proves its own recyclability. (e) It is the intent of the Legislature to make redemption and recycling convenient to consumers, and the Legislature hereby urges cities and counties, when exercising their zoning authority, to act favorably on the siting of multimaterial recycling centers, reverse vending machines, mobile recycling units, or other types of recycling opportunities, as necessary for consumer convenience, and the overall success of litter abatement andbeveragecontainer recycling in the state. (f) The purpose of this division is to create and maintain a marketplace where it is profitable to establish sufficient recycling centers and locations to provide consumers with convenient recycling opportunities through the establishment of minimum refund values and processing fees and, through the proper application of these elements, to enhance the profitability of recycling centers, recycling locations, and otherbeveragecontainer recycling programs. (g) The responsibility to provide convenient, efficient, and economical redemption opportunities rests jointly with manufacturers, distributors, dealers, recyclers, processors, and the Department of Conservation. (h) It is the intent of the Legislature, in enacting this division, that all emptybeveragecontainers redeemed shall be recycled, and that the responsibilities and regulations of the department shall be determined and implemented in a manner which favors the recycling of redeemed containers, as opposed to their disposal. (i) Nothing in this division shall be interpreted as affecting the current business practices of scrap dealers or recycling centers, except that, to the extent they function as a recycling center or processor, they shall do so in accordance with this division. (j) The program established by this division will contribute significantly to the reduction of thebeveragecontainer component of litter in this state. SEC. 4. Section 14504 of the Public Resources Code is amended to read: 14504. (a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), "beverage" means any of the following products if those products are in liquid, ready-to-drink form, and are intended for human consumption: (1) Beer and other malt beverages. (2) Wine and distilled spirit coolers. (3) Carbonated water, including soda and carbonated mineral water. (4) Noncarbonated water, including noncarbonated mineral water. (5) Carbonated soft drinks. (6) Noncarbonated soft drinks and "sport" drinks. (7) Except as provided in paragraph (3) of subdivision (b), vegetable, nut, grain, soy , or noncarbonated fruit drinks that contain any percentage of juice. (8) Coffee and tea drinks. (9) Carbonated fruit drinks. (b) "Beverage" does not include any of the following: (1) Wine, or wine from which alcohol has been removed, in whole or in part, whether or not sparkling or carbonated. (2) Milk, medical food, or infant formula. (3) One hundred percent fruit juice in containers that are 46 ounces or more in volume. (c) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply: (1) "Infant formula" means any liquid food described or sold as an alternative for human milk for the feeding of infants. (2) (A) "Medical food" means a food or beverage that is formulated to be consumed, or administered enterally under the supervision of a physician, and that is intended for specific dietary management of diseases or health conditions for which distinctive nutritional requirements, based on recognized scientific principles, are established by medical evaluation. (B) A "medical food" is a specially formulated and processed product, for the partial or exclusive feeding of a patient by means of oral intake or enteral feeding by tube, and is not a naturally occurring foodstuff used in its natural state. (C) "Medical food" includes any product that meets the definition of "medical food" in the federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. Sec. 360ee (b)(3)). (3) "Noncarbonated soft drink" means a nonalcoholic, noncarbonated naturally or artificially flavored water containing sugar or sweetener or trace amounts of various elements from both natural and synthetic sources. SEC. 5. Section 14505 of the Public Resources Code is amended to read: 14505. (a) "Beverage container" means the individual, separate bottle, can, jar, carton, or other receptacle, however denominated, in which a beverage is sold, and which is constructed of metal, glass, or plastic, or other material, or any combination of these materials. "Beverage container" does not include cups or other similar open or loosely sealed receptacles. (b) "California Refund Value container" or "CRV container" means a beverage container or a plastic bottle, as defined in Section 14517.1. (c) Except as provided in subdivision (a), whenever the term "beverage container" is used in this division, it shall be deemed to mean a CRV container. (d) Whenever the term "distributor" is used in this division, it shall be deemed to mean a CRV container distributor. (e) Whenever the term "beverage manufacturer" is used in this division, it shall be deemed to mean a CRV container manufacturer. SEC. 6. Section 14512.7 of the Public Resources Code is amended to read: 14512.7. "Fund" means the California Container Recycling Fund established pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 14580. SEC. 7. Section 14517.1 is added to the Public Resources Code, to read: 14517.1. (a) "Plastic bottle" means an individual rigid or semirigid container with a body consisting primarily of plastic and with a neck narrower than the body in which one gallon or less of a nonbeverage product is sold. (b) The department may develop, maintain, and regularly update a list of products and containers that meet the definition of "plastic bottle" in this section. (c) "Plastic bottle" does not mean a container for a beverage, as defined in Section 14504, or a product expressly excluded from the definition of beverage pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 14504. (d) "Plastic bottle" does not mean a containerfor any toxic or hazardous productthat contains a toxic or hazardous product that is regulated by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. Sec. 136 et seq.) . SEC. 8. Section 14518.6 is added to the Public Resources Code, to read: 14518.6. "Product manufacturer" means a person who bottles or otherwise fills a plastic bottle or imports a filled plastic bottle, for sale to a distributor, dealer, or consumer. SEC. 9. Section 14523.5 of the Public Resources Code is repealed. SEC. 10. Section 14551 of the Public Resources Code is amended to read: 14551. (a) The department shall establish reporting periods for the reporting of recycling rates. Each reporting period shall be six months. The department shall determine all of the following for each reporting period and shall issue a report on its determinations, within 130 days of the end of each reporting period: (1) Sales of beverages in aluminum beverage containers, bimetal beverage containers, glass beverage containers, plastic beverage containers, and other beverage containers in this state, including refillable beverage containers. (2) Returns for recycling, and returns not for recycling, of empty aluminum beverage containers, bimetal beverage containers, glass beverage containers, plastic beverage containers, and other beverage containers in this state, including refillable beverage containers returned to distributors pursuant to Section 14572.5. These numbers shall be calculated using the average current weights of beverage containers, as determined and reported by the department. (3) An aluminum beverage container recycling rate, the numerator of which shall be the number of empty aluminum beverage containers returned for recycling, including refillable aluminum beverage containers, and the denominator of which shall be the number of aluminum beverage containers sold in this state. (4) A bimetal beverage container recycling rate, the numerator of which shall be the number of empty bimetal containers returned for recycling, including refillable bimetal beverage containers, and the denominator of which shall be the number of bimetal beverage containers sold in this state. (5) A glass beverage container recycling rate, the numerator of which shall be the number of empty glass beverage containers returned for recycling, including refillable glass beverage containers, and the denominator of which shall be the number of glass beverage containers sold in this state. (6) A plastic beverage container recycling rate, the numerator of which shall be the number of empty plastic beverage containers returned for recycling, including refillable plastic beverage containers, and the denominator of which shall be the number of plastic beverage containers sold in this state. (7) A recycling rate for other beverage containers, the numerator of which shall be the number of empty beverage containers other than those containers specified in paragraphs (1) to (6), inclusive, returned for recycling, and the denominator of which shall be the number of beverage containers, other than those containers specified in paragraphs (1) to (6), inclusive, sold in this state. (8) The department may define categories of other beverage containers, and report a recycling rate for each of those categories of other beverage containers. (9) The volumes of materials collected from certified recycling centers, by city or county, as requested by the city or county, if the reporting is consistent with the procedures established pursuant to Section 14554 to protect proprietary information. (b) The department shall determine the manner of collecting the information for the reports specified in subdivision (a), including establishing procedures, to protect any proprietary information concerning the sales and purchases. SEC. 11. Section 14575 of the Public Resources Code is amended to read: 14575. (a) If any type of empty CRV container with a refund value established pursuant to Section 14560 has a scrap value less than the cost of recycling, the department shall, on January 1, 2000, and on or before January 1 annually thereafter, establish a processing fee and a processing payment for the container by the type of the material of the container. (b) The processing payment shall be at least equal to the difference between the scrap value offered to a statistically significant sample of recyclers by willing purchasers, and except for the initial calculation made pursuant to subdivision (d), the sum of both of the following: (1) The actual cost for certified recycling centers, excluding centers receiving a handling fee, of receiving, handling, storing, transporting, and maintaining equipment for each container sold for recycling or, only if the container is not recyclable, the actual cost of disposal, calculated pursuant to subdivision (c). The department shall determine the statewide weighted average cost to recycle each container type, which shall serve as the actual recycling costs for purposes of paragraph (2) of subdivision (c), by conducting a survey of the costs of a statistically significant sample of certified recycling centers, excluding those recycling centers receiving a handling fee, for receiving, handling, storing, transporting, and maintaining equipment. (2) A reasonable financial return for recycling centers. (c) The department shall base the processing payment pursuant to this section upon either of the following: (1) The department shall use the average scrap values paid to recyclers between October 1, 2001, and September 30, 2002, for the 2003 calculation and the same 12-month period directly preceding the year in which the processing fee is calculated for any subsequent calculation. (2) For calculating processing payments that will be in effect on and after January 1, 2004, the department shall determine the actual costs for certified recycling centers, every second year, pursuant to paragraph (1) of subdivision (b). The department shall adjust the recycling costs annually to reflect changes in the cost of living, as measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Department of Labor or a successor agency of the United States government. (d) Except as specified in subdivision (g), the actual processing fee paid by a beverage manufacturer shall equal 65 percent of the processing payment calculated pursuant to subdivision (b). (e) The department, consistent with Section 14581 and subject to the availability of funds, shall reduce the processing fee paid by beverage manufacturers by expending funds in each material processing fee account, in the following manner: (1) On January 1, 2005, and annually thereafter, the processing fee shall equal the following amounts: (A) Ten percent of the processing payment for a container type with a recycling rate equal to or greater than 75 percent. (B) Eleven percent of the processing payment for a container type with a recycling rate equal to or greater than 65 percent, but less than 75 percent. (C) Twelve percent of the processing payment for a container type with a recycling rate equal to or greater than 60 percent, but less than 65 percent. (D) Thirteen percent of the processing payment for a container type with a recycling rate equal to or greater than 55 percent, but less than 60 percent. (E) Fourteen percent of the processing payment for a container type with a recycling rate equal to or greater than 50 percent, but less than 55 percent. (F) Fifteen percent of the processing payment for a container type with a recycling rate equal to or greater than 45 percent, but less than 50 percent. (G) Eighteen percent of the processing payment for a container type with a recycling rate equal to or greater than 40 percent, but less than 45 percent. (H) Twenty percent of the processing payment for a container type with a recycling rate equal to or greater than 30 percent, but less than 40 percent. (I) Sixty-five percent of the processing payment for a container type with a recycling rate less than 30 percent. (2) Notwithstanding this section, for calendar years 2009 and 2010 only, if the balance of the fund that is subject to expenditure pursuant to Section 14581 on September 30, 2007, and on September 30 of each year thereafter, is more than one hundred fifty million dollars ($150,000,000) the requirement to pay a processing fee for any container type shall be suspended during the subsequent calendar year (January 1 to December 31) for each container type with a recycling rate as follows: (A) Fifty-five percent for the 12-month period ending June 30, 2008, for the suspension in 2009. (B) Sixty percent for the 12-month period ending June 30, 2009, for the suspension in 2010. (C) For any container type with a recycling rate of less than the required thresholds, the processing fee payment shall be in the amount provided in paragraph (1). (3) The department shall calculate the recycling rate for purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2) based on the 12-month period ending on June 30 that directly precedes the date of the January 1 processing fee determination. (f) Not more than once every three months, the department may make an adjustment in the amount of the processing payment established pursuant to this section notwithstanding any change in the amount of the processing fee established pursuant to this section, for any beverage container, if the department makes the following determinations: (1) The statewide scrap value paid by processors for the material type for the most recent available 12-month period directly preceding the quarter in which the processing payment is to be adjusted is 5 percent more or 5 percent less than the average scrap value used as the basis for the processing payment currently in effect. (2) Funds are available in the processing fee account for the material type. (3) Adjusting the processing payment is necessary to further the objectives of this division. (g) (1) Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), every beverage manufacturer shall pay to the department the applicable processing fee for each container sold or transferred to a distributor or dealer within 40 days of the sale in the form and in the manner which the department may prescribe. (2) (A) Notwithstanding Section 14506, with respect to the payment of processing fees for beer and other malt beverages manufactured outside the state, the beverage manufacturer shall be deemed to be the person or entity named on the certificate of compliance issued pursuant to Section 23671 of the Business and Professions Code. If the department is unable to collect the processing fee from the person or entity named on the certificate of compliance, the department shall give written notice by certified mail, return receipt requested, to that person or entity. The notice shall state that the processing fee shall be remitted in full within 30 days of issuance of the notice or the person or entity shall not be permitted to offer that beverage brand for sale within the state. If the person or entity fails to remit the processing fee within 30 days of issuance of the notice, the department shall notify the Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control that the certificate holder has failed to comply, and the Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control shall prohibit the offering for sale of that beverage brand within the state. (B) The department shall enter into a contract with the Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control, pursuant to Section 14536.5, concerning the implementation of this paragraph, which shall include a provision reimbursing the Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control for its costs incurred in implementing this paragraph. (3) (A) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), if a beverage manufacturer displays a pattern of operation in compliance with this division and the regulations adopted pursuant to this division, to the satisfaction of the department, the beverage manufacturer may make a single annual payment of processing fees, if the beverage manufacturer meets either of the following conditions: (i) If the redemption payment and refund value is not increased pursuant to paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 14560, the beverage manufacturer's projected processing fees for a calendar year total less than ten thousand dollars ($10,000). (ii) If the redemption payment and refund value is increased pursuant to paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 14560, the beverage manufacturer's projected processing fees for a calendar year total less than fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000). (B) An annual processing fee payment made pursuant to this paragraph is due and payable on or before February 1 for every beverage container sold or transferred by the beverage manufacturer to a distributor or dealer in the previous calendar year. (C) A manufacturer shall notify the department of its intent to make an annual processing fee payment pursuant to this paragraph on or before January 31 of the calendar year for which the payment will be due. (4) The department shall pay the processing payments on redeemed containers to processors, in the same manner as it pays refund values pursuant to Sections 14573 and 14573.5. The processor shall pay the recycling center the entire processing payment representing the actual costs and financial return incurred by the recycling center, as specified in subdivision (b). (h) When assessing processing fees pursuant to subdivision (a), the department shall assess the processing fee on each container sold, as provided in subdivisions(e) and (f)(d) and (e) , by the type of material of the container, assuming that every container sold will be redeemed for recycling, whether or not the container is actually recycled. (i) The container manufacturer, or a designated agent, shall pay to, or credit, the account of the beverage manufacturer in an amount equal to the processing fee. (j) If, at the end of any calendar year for which glass recycling rates equal or exceed 45 percent and sufficient surplus funds remain in the glass processing fee account to make the reduction pursuant to this subdivision or if, at the end of any calendar year for which PET recycling rates equal or exceed 45 percent and sufficient surplus funds remain in the PET processing fee account to make the reduction pursuant to this subdivision, the department shall use these surplus funds in the respective processing fee accounts in the following calendar year to reduce the amount of the processing fee that would otherwise be due from glass or PET beverage manufacturers pursuant to this subdivision. (1) The department shall reduce the glass or PET processing fee amount pursuant to this subdivision in addition to any reduction for which the glass or PET beverage container qualifies under subdivision(f)(e) . (2) The department shall determine the processing fee reduction by dividing two million dollars ($2,000,000) from each processing fee account by an estimate of the number of containers sold or transferred to a distributor during the previous calendar year, based upon the latest available data. SEC. 12. The Department of Conservation shall not expend any funds collected pursuant to Division 12.1 (commencing with Section 14500) of the Public Resources Code that were collected or payableon or beforeprior to January 1, 2009 for a beverage container, as defined in Section 14505, as that section readonimmediately preceding January 1, 2009, for making any refund value, processing payment, handling fee, or any program or other expenditure related to a CRV container that was not subject to the California Beverage Recycling and Litter Reduction Acton January 1, 2007immediately preceding January 1, 2009 . SEC. 13. No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIII B of the California Constitution because the only costs that may be incurred by a local agency or school district will be incurred because this act creates a new crime or infraction, eliminates a crime or infraction, or changes the penalty for a crime or infraction, within the meaning of Section 17556 of the Government Code, or changes the definition of a crime within the meaning of Section 6 of Article XIII B of the California Constitution. ____ CORRECTIONS Text--Page 15. ____
Updated
June 6, 2008